Concentrated Solar Power Overview

Updated：2022-09-13 11:15 Source：en.m.9966622.com

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  1. Linear Fresnel Collector: Linear Fresnel reflector technology uses a field of long narrow mirrors to concentrate the DNI on a single stationary receiver with one or more receiver tubes (Zhu et al., 2014). This technology, although not fully mature, provides a cheaper alternative to parabolic trough technology given the simpler design. However, the capital cost savings with linear Fresnel reflector technology come at the cost of reduced optical efficiency compared to parabolic trough technology (IRENA, 2012).
  2. Central Receiver (Power Tower): Central receiver power tower technology uses an array of mirrors (also referred to as heliostats) that can individually concentrate the DNI onto a single receiver mounted at the top of a tower, where the solar energy is absorbed by the working fluid. The central receiver power tower plant can be imagined as an approximation of a huge parabolic dish with each heliostat representing a small section of the parabolic dish and capable of independently tracking the sun.
  3. Parabolic Dish Collector: Parabolic dish collectors are stand-alone systems that use mirrors mounted on a parabolic dish and focus solar DNI onto individual receivers mounted at the focal point of the dish. The niche for this technology is the flexibility that a sterling engine—or a novel sodium thermal electrochemical converter (Gunawan et al., 2020)—can either be mounted on the receiver directly for generation of power or the heat transfer fluid from the receiver could be used to operate the heat engine independently like the other technologies (Pandey et al., 2022).
  4. Parabolic Trough Collector: A parabolic trough collector power plant consists of a solar collection field that is made up of rows of reflective mirrors with a parabolic cross section. The parabolic reflector focuses the sunlight to a line along the length of the trough, where a receiver tube carrying the heat absorbing fluid is placed (Sun et al., 2020). Typically, the parabolic mirrors can track the sun’s path along a single axis.
Schematic of concentrated solar technologies (Reprinted from the International Energy Agency, 2014)

Parabolic Trough Linear Fresnel Parabolic Dish Central Receiver
(Power Tower)
Technology Type Line focus Line focus Point focus Point focus
Heat Transfer Fluid Synthetic/thermal oil/ water/steam Synthetic/thermal oil/ water/steam Hot gases (helium/hydrogen/air) Molten salt/solid particles/ water
Concentration Ratio
(Blanco and Miller, 2017)		 50–80 30–70 > 2000 500–800
Working Fluid Temperature 300–500°C 300–500 °C 550–600°C > 750°C
Optical Efficiency (Doron et al., 2019) ∼ 55% ∼ 50% ∼ 85% ∼ 50–70%
Total Installed Capacity (MW) 4,862 254 — 1300

Technology Operational Under
Construction		 Grand Total
Linear Fresnel
Salt 60 — 60
Water 194.7 — 194.7
Parabolic Trough
Air 3 — 3
Salt 5.1 50 55.1
Thermal oil/organics 4847.1 643 5490.1
Water 7 — 7
Power Tower
Air 1.5 — 1.5
Salt 705 335 1040
Water 595.4 — 595.4

References

  1. Blanco, M.J. and Miller, S. (2017) Introduction to Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST) Technologies, Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology, Sawston, UK: Woodhead Publishing, pp. 3–25.
  2. Doron, P., Karni, J., and Slocum, A. (2019) A Generalized Approach for Selecting Solar Energy System Configurations for a Wide Range of Applications, MRS Energy Sustain., 6(1). DOI: 10.1557/mre.2019.10
  3. Faisal, M., Hannan, M.A., Ker, P.J., Hussain, A., Bin Mansor, M., and Blaabjerg, F. (2018) Review of Energy Storage System Technologies in Microgrid Applications: Issues and Challenges, IEEE Access, 6: 35143–35164.
  4. Goel, N., O’Hern, H., Orosz, M., and Otanicar, T. (2020) Annual Simulation of Photovoltaic Retrofits within Existing Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Powerplants, Sol. Energy, 211: 600–612.
  5. Gunawan, A., Limia, A., and Yee, S.K. (2020) Sodium Ion Expansion Power Block for Distributed CSP, Tech. Rep. No. DOE-GATECH-0007110.
  6. IEA (2014) Technology Roadmap – Solar Thermal Electricity 2014, Paris, France: Int. Energy Agency; accessed January 13, 2022, from https://www.iea.org/reports/technology-roadmap-solar-thermal-electricity-2014.
  7. IEA (2019) SolarPACES, Concentrating Solar Power Projects, Paris, France: Int. Energy Agency.
  8. IRENA (2012) Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series: Concentrating Solar Power, Vol. 1. Power Sector, Int. Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
  9. Lilliestam, J., Thonig, R., Gilmanova, A., and Zang, C. (2021) CSP.Guru 2021-07-01. DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.5094290
  10. Mehos, M., Jorgenson, J., Denholm, P., and Turchi, C. (2015) An Assessment of the Net Value of CSP Systems Integrated with Thermal Energy Storage, Energy Procedia, 69: 2060–2071.
  11. Mehos, M., Turchi, C., Vidal, J., Wagner, M., Ma, Z., Ho, C., Kolb, W., Andraka, C., and Kruizenga, A. (2017) Concentrating Solar Power Gen3 Demonstration Roadmap, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO, Tech. Rep. No. NREL/TP-5500-674642017.
  12. Mohd, A., Ortjohann, E., Schmelter, A., Hamsic, N., and Morton, D. (2008) Challenges in Integrating Distributed Energy Storage Systems into Future Smart Grid, Proc of IEEE Int. Symp. on Industrial Electronics, New York: IEEE, pp. 1627–1632.
  13. Niknia, I., Yaghoubi, M., and Hessami, R. (2012) A Novel Experimental Method to Find Dust Deposition Effect on the Performance of Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors, Int. J. Environ. Stud., 69(2): 233–252.
  14. Pandey, A.K., Reji Kumar, R., and Samykano, M. (2022) Solar Energy: Direct and Indirect Methods to Harvest Usable Energy, Dye-Sensitized Sol. Cells, London: Academic Press, pp. 1–24.
  15. Saha, S., Ruslan, A.R.M., Monjur Morshed, A.K.M., and Hasanuzzaman, M. (2020) Global Prospects and Challenges of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage: A Review, Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 23(2): 531–559.
  16. Sun, J., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, Z., and Wei, J. (2020) Comprehensive Review of Line-Focus Concentrating Solar Thermal Technologies: Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) vs Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR), J. Therm. Sci., 29(5): 1097–1124.
  17. Wu, Z., Yan, S., Wang, Z., Ming, T., Zhao, X., Ma, R., and Wu, Y. (2020) The Effect of Dust Accumulation on the Cleanliness Factor of a Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrator, Renew. Energy, 152: 529–539.
  18. Zhang, H.L., Baeyens, J., Degrève, J., and Cacères, G. (2013) Concentrated Solar Power Plants: Review and Design Methodology, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 22: 466–481.
Goel, Nipun, Taylor, Robert A.DOI: 10.1615/thermopedia.010203

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